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WHAT ARE INTAKE AND EXHAUST VALVES?

 

Intake and exhaust valves are elements whose function is controlling a liquid or gas flow; those ones used in the intake and exhaust of a four-stroke engine are usually seat valves.

 

Which is the role of these valves? Valves are precision parts of the engine and have four very important tasks in motor operation:

• Blocking sections of the flow.
• Control of gas exchange.
• Hermetic closing of the cylinders.
• Dissipation of the heat that has been absorbed from combustion exhaust gases, transferring it to the valve seat inserts and valve guides. At temperatures up to 800ºC each valve is opened and closed up to 70 times per second and, during the useful life of the engine, supports an average of 300 million of load changes.

 

FEATURES

 

INTAKE VALVES

Intake valve has the function of connecting the intake manifold with the cylinder depending on the distribution time. Generally, they are made of only one metal, steel with chrome and silicon alloys which provide good resistance to heat and work. Some areas of the metal such as the seat, stem and head are usually tempered to reduce wear. The cooling of this valve takes place by its contact with the fuel-air mixture which largely dissipates its temperature generally in contact with the stem, and its working temperature reaches 200ºC to 300ºC.

 

EXHAUST VALVES

The exhaust valve is in constant contact with exhaust gases that are at very high temperatures, so they must have a stronger structure than intake valves.

 

The heat accumulated in the valve is released through its seat by 75%, it’s not surprising that it reaches temperatures of 800 ºC. Due to its unique function this valve must be made of different materials, its head and stem are usually made of steel with chrome and magnesium alloy because it has the great quality of resisting oxidation and high temperatures. The upper part of the stem is commonly manufactured from chrome-silicon. For thermal conductivity, hollow heads and stems filled with sodium are manufactured, as this material has the function of quickly transferring heat to the cooling zone, reducing head temperature up to 100ºC.

 

TYPE OF VALVES

 

MONOMETALLIC VALVE

Manufactured rationally by hot extrusion process or die forging.

BIMETAL VALVES

These make possible the ideal combination of materials for both stem and head.

HOLLOW VALVES

This technology is used on one side for weight reduction and on the other for cooling. Sodium-filled (melting point 97.5ºC), it can transfer heat from the valve head to the stem, through the stirring effect of the liquid sodium, and achieve a temperature reduction of between 80º to 150ºC.

Cooling system is in charge of reducing the temperature of the engine and other systems such as the braking or hydraulic system, it is also responsible for maintaining the engine at an adequate working temperature, for this purpose coolant is used.

Air was used in older engines, but these engines are no longer very common in modern industry.

These are some of the subsections of the cooling system;

• Coolers and intercoolers
• Water pumps
• Tensioners and belts
• Indicators and sensors
• Expansion tanks
• Organic and inorganic refrigerants
• Miscellaneous (Hoses, plugs, gaskets, fan motors, etc…)

 

Cooling system operation

When the engine is cold, the components wear out easily, it pollutes more and is less efficient, an overheating of the engine would cause major breakdowns, that is why the main function of the cooling system is to allow the engine to warm up as soon as possible and then to work at a constant temperature.

Here below, we detail some sections of the system and its functions:

 

RADIATOR

Made up of many small-diameter finned tubes, it acts as a heat exchanger between the hot water from the engine and the ambient air blown by the fan.

 

COOLER

It acts as a radiator, it cools the oil to achieve a suitable temperature and viscosity, ensuring good lubrication of the parts.

 

INTERCOOLER

Main in turbocharged engines, it reduces the temperature of the air in the intake, thus avoiding drops in engine performance.

 

THERMOSTAT

It acts as a valve for the coolant, it is in charge of opening and closing its passage to the radiator, thus allowing an optimal and constant operating temperature.

 

 

WATER PUMP

Its function is to maintain a constant flow of refrigerant within the circuit, it is one of the main components that cause leaks and major breakdowns in the cooling system.

 

FAN

Ensures forced air circulation through the engine radiator, in public works machinery there are different types depending on their drive:

 

• BELT DRIVEN FAN

this type of fan is always running regardless of coolant temperature and its speed depends on engine speed

 

• FAN WITH CLUTCH

The engine control unit manages the speed of the fan, engaging and disengaging the clutch according to the signal from the various engine temperature sensors.

 

• FAN DRIVEN BY HYDRAULIC MOTOR

This fan varies its speed according to the temperature of the coolant and other systems, it is the most precise and efficient of all those mentioned above.

 

EXPANSION TANKS

It absorbs variations in the volume of the refrigerant due to changes in temperature and maintains the system pressure within pre-established limits.

 

TENSIONERS AND BELTS

The main functions of belt tensioners are to maintain proper tension, dampen system vibrations, and guide the drive belt. At Blumaq we have ribbed, trapezoidal or toothed belts, and tensioners with the exact design, measurements and specifications of the OEM manufacturer.

 

REFRIGERANTS

The coolant is a compound of deionized water, additives and ethylene glycol, the latter has the ability to regulate the temperature, depending on the place where you work you must take into account the temperature ranges of the coolant to be used, which range from -40ºC to 140ºC, there are 2 types of coolants:

 

• ORGANIC

It does not use silicates and is therefore more durable, since this compound causes it to degrade earlier, instead it uses protection additives that also reach a higher freezing temperature.

 

• INORGANIC

They last less than organic due to the use of silicates and are more harmful to the environment.

It is important that the cooling system only uses liquid coolant, otherwise the useful life of the engine components will be shortened and we could have the following problems:

• Cavitation in the system.
• Corrosion of cooling system components.
• Increased system temperature.
• Shorter useful life of the diesel engine.

 

TEMPERATURE INDICATORS

Recognition of these symbols by the operator allows the maintenance team to take action before these failures become major repairs. In this way we warn that they are informative indicators that give us information on the state of the refrigeration system, indicating through visual or sound alerts, its malfunction.

Blumaq has the most complete line of products for maintenance and repair of the cooling system of your machine, Our products are manufactured under the strictest quality controls, adjusted to the specifications of the OEM manufacturer.

Winter season is usually the most conflictive in terms of breakdowns that the engine of your machine may have, it´s time to take into account some simple steps for the repair and maintenance of your machine.

Some of the most recommended habits in winter to examine the engine of your machine and thus avoid costly repairs are, check the level of oil, steering fluid, brake fluid, etc… these fluids will reach a working temperature in order to lubricate the moving engine parts.

This is what you must take into account to prepare your machinery for public works, mining and construction and reduce the probability of breakdowns:

The coolant: If this freezes, the engine problem that this generates can cause an expensive breakdown.

The oil filter: The obstruction or a bad oil filter is one of the most frequent problems for the engine of the machinery to stop working in the recommended conditions. So, before the cold winter comes, empty the water trap of the filters.

The air filter: after the summer season, the air filter can accumulate a lot of dirt, so it is advisable to clean it before moisture enters the system.Check the engine heater, hoses and general system of the engine assembly, if they are hot and in good condition, you will prevent the oil from thickening.

The fuel heater/conditioner will prevent diesel or gasoline from freezing. If the engine is diesel, try to keep the tank always full throughout the winter to prevent its condensation from damaging the machinery. In addition to following these recommendations, you should bear in mind that you should take advantage of the sunlight hours as much as possible to avoid starting the machinery in the coldest moments. If the land is practically frozen, it will be more difficult to maintain good productivity. In fact, it is not advisable to move large machinery when temperatures are too low; if that’s the case for you, try to start your machinery at least once a month when you find the best time for it.

Remember that Blumaq is your quality brand to supply you with your spare parts in a record time, thanks to our large stock and with these simple steps for the maintenance of your public works, construction and mining machinery, you will avoid costly repairs.

A bearing is a mechanical component whose function is to guide a rotating assembly. Allows the rotation of one element with respect to another. Bearings are therefore high-precision components that allow equipment to move at different speed levels by efficiently transmitting significant loads. They must offer high precision and durability, as well as the possibility of working at high speeds with minimal noise and vibration emission.

You can find below some of the types in Blumaq’s inventory:

 

Ball

Ball bearings are the most common and used in most models of public works and mining machinery, being capable of supporting axial and radial loads.

 

Spherical roller

These bearings are specially designed for the models of public works and mining machinery which support the highest loads and work under the most adverse circumstances, subject to impacts and vibrations.

 

Tapered roller

This type of bearing is formed by an inner ring, outer ring and tapered rolling elements.

 

Cylindrical roller

Cylindrical roller bearings are available in a wide range of designs, series, versions and sizes.

 

Needle roller

The main defining characteristic of needle roller bearings is the fact they are made up of cylindrical rollers with a very small diameter compared to their length.

The bearings supplied by Blumaq, whether they are conical, cylindrical or spherical, are are made of the highest quality alloy steel. The manufacturing and control processes of the leading brands in the design and development of bearings provide our range a guarantee of reliability and durability.