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WHAT ARE INTAKE AND EXHAUST VALVES?

 

Intake and exhaust valves are elements whose function is controlling a liquid or gas flow; those ones used in the intake and exhaust of a four-stroke engine are usually seat valves.

 

Which is the role of these valves? Valves are precision parts of the engine and have four very important tasks in motor operation:

• Blocking sections of the flow.
• Control of gas exchange.
• Hermetic closing of the cylinders.
• Dissipation of the heat that has been absorbed from combustion exhaust gases, transferring it to the valve seat inserts and valve guides. At temperatures up to 800ºC each valve is opened and closed up to 70 times per second and, during the useful life of the engine, supports an average of 300 million of load changes.

 

FEATURES

 

INTAKE VALVES

Intake valve has the function of connecting the intake manifold with the cylinder depending on the distribution time. Generally, they are made of only one metal, steel with chrome and silicon alloys which provide good resistance to heat and work. Some areas of the metal such as the seat, stem and head are usually tempered to reduce wear. The cooling of this valve takes place by its contact with the fuel-air mixture which largely dissipates its temperature generally in contact with the stem, and its working temperature reaches 200ºC to 300ºC.

 

EXHAUST VALVES

The exhaust valve is in constant contact with exhaust gases that are at very high temperatures, so they must have a stronger structure than intake valves.

 

The heat accumulated in the valve is released through its seat by 75%, it’s not surprising that it reaches temperatures of 800 ºC. Due to its unique function this valve must be made of different materials, its head and stem are usually made of steel with chrome and magnesium alloy because it has the great quality of resisting oxidation and high temperatures. The upper part of the stem is commonly manufactured from chrome-silicon. For thermal conductivity, hollow heads and stems filled with sodium are manufactured, as this material has the function of quickly transferring heat to the cooling zone, reducing head temperature up to 100ºC.

 

TYPE OF VALVES

 

MONOMETALLIC VALVE

Manufactured rationally by hot extrusion process or die forging.

BIMETAL VALVES

These make possible the ideal combination of materials for both stem and head.

HOLLOW VALVES

This technology is used on one side for weight reduction and on the other for cooling. Sodium-filled (melting point 97.5ºC), it can transfer heat from the valve head to the stem, through the stirring effect of the liquid sodium, and achieve a temperature reduction of between 80º to 150ºC.

Winter season is usually the most conflictive in terms of breakdowns that the engine of your machine may have, it´s time to take into account some simple steps for the repair and maintenance of your machine.

Some of the most recommended habits in winter to examine the engine of your machine and thus avoid costly repairs are, check the level of oil, steering fluid, brake fluid, etc… these fluids will reach a working temperature in order to lubricate the moving engine parts.

This is what you must take into account to prepare your machinery for public works, mining and construction and reduce the probability of breakdowns:

The coolant: If this freezes, the engine problem that this generates can cause an expensive breakdown.

The oil filter: The obstruction or a bad oil filter is one of the most frequent problems for the engine of the machinery to stop working in the recommended conditions. So, before the cold winter comes, empty the water trap of the filters.

The air filter: after the summer season, the air filter can accumulate a lot of dirt, so it is advisable to clean it before moisture enters the system.Check the engine heater, hoses and general system of the engine assembly, if they are hot and in good condition, you will prevent the oil from thickening.

The fuel heater/conditioner will prevent diesel or gasoline from freezing. If the engine is diesel, try to keep the tank always full throughout the winter to prevent its condensation from damaging the machinery. In addition to following these recommendations, you should bear in mind that you should take advantage of the sunlight hours as much as possible to avoid starting the machinery in the coldest moments. If the land is practically frozen, it will be more difficult to maintain good productivity. In fact, it is not advisable to move large machinery when temperatures are too low; if that’s the case for you, try to start your machinery at least once a month when you find the best time for it.

Remember that Blumaq is your quality brand to supply you with your spare parts in a record time, thanks to our large stock and with these simple steps for the maintenance of your public works, construction and mining machinery, you will avoid costly repairs.

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WHAT IS A BACKHOE USED FOR?

The backhoes are used for the excavation of earth and also for different types of openings of trenches for the laying of pipes and drains. In short, it is used to make deep holes that will then be filled back in, for example, house and building foundations. They are very used in general construction for the speed and quality of the work they provide. In the demolition of buildings, was used to break the asphalt of the streets and thus achieve an adequate process of paving in large and small cities. They are widely used in places where the use of other equipment is not practically useful. In addition, they are a precise source of cost reduction and time saving in the different works they are used for.

CABACKHOE CHARACTERISTICS

It consists of a three piece assembly of earth moving equipment: a tractor, a charger and a backhoe.
The assembly allows the tools to move quickly and safely.
You can transport large quantities of material depending on the container size.
It is primarily designed to dig earth.
The container where the material is deposited is known as the bucket.
The backhoe in itself has three parts: the bucket, the stick and the boom.
It is also known by the name of mechanical shovel.

HISTORY

In the year 1950, the well-known caterpillar tractor was used in the area of construction. This instrument has proved to be a very useful however; company experts were looking for ways to increase its usefulness, efficiency and versatility. At that time the Essex Company located in England known by the name of Whitlock Bros, assured their clients and to rest of the world, it had succeeded in creating the world´s first backhoe. The company had created an accessory called Dinjum Digger, and conducted a series of experiments in the year 1951. Some time later, the company incorporated a hydraulic loader creating in this way, the first backhoe loader. Joseph Cyril Bamford, was the founder of the company JCB and he had great experience in the construction of the hydraulic loaders. On a trip to Norway he noted the great potential of the backhoe and bought one to take back to where he lived to try out its capabilities.

 

By the year 1953, he had managed to improve the design and had built the first accessories included on the machine. He manufactured the product as the JCB MK1 and in 1958; he was able to launch the first integrated backhoe onto the market.

TYPES AND THE PARTS OF THE BACKHOE EXCAVATOR

The parties that make up a backhoe are:
• Point of union between the stick and the boom.
• Hydraulic Cylinder Bucket
• Chain link joint.
• Undercarriage.
• Chassis or frame.
• The engine compartment.
• Operator’s cab.
• Boom or stick hydraulic cylinders.
• Pen or boom.
• Hydraulic cylinder arm.

Bucket excavators are also known with the name of mechanical shovels or mechanical diggers. They are used for vertical excavations in the production of wells and in mining. They can go on tires or be mounted on tracks and have the ability to turn up to 360º on themselves with the help of an axis.

Another type of backhoes is the hydraulic excavator. The price is more accessible and its power is the same. In contrast to mechanical shovels, they work in the field from top to bottom and are much faster at loading material. The blade carries the bucket high and it can unload from a greater height. It is used mostly in mining.